ABSTRACT
Resumen.La primera barrera con el medio ambiente que protege contra sustancias nocivas y organismos es la piel. Las actividades humanas son sumamente diversas y muchas de los trabajos pueden actuar en detrimento de esta barrera natural provocando enfermedades dermatológicas asociadas con la dinámica laboral. El 90% de todas las dermopatías laborales son dermatitis de contacto, la cual puede ser irritativa o alérgica. En la mayoría de los casos se trata de un eczema en zonas expuestas del cuerpo y con cierta frecuencia en las manos. El diagnóstico se basa en una historia clínica y examen físico detallados, conocimiento de las sustancias que permita diferenciar los irritantes de los alérgenos y una correcta interpretación de las pruebas de alergia. Este es conocimiento básico para peritar en el ámbito médico legal.
Abstract.The skin is the primary interface with external environment and performs quite efficiently as a barrier against noxious chemicals or living organisms. The range of human activities is extremely diversified and many occupations can lead to break down of the epidermal barrier, with subsequent development of work-related dermatoses.Occupational contact dermatitis accounts for 90% of all causes of work-related cutaneous disorders. It can be divided into irritant contact dermatitis, wich occurs in 80% of cases and allergic contact dermatitis. In most cases, both types will present as eczematous lesions on exposed parts of the body, notably the hands. Accurate diagnosis relies on meticulous history taking, thorough physical examination, careful distinguishing between irritants and allergens, and comprehensive patch testing to confirm or ruled out allergic sensitization. This is a basic review to issue a forensic professional judgement.
Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Risks , Dermatitis, Irritant/pathology , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/pathology , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Health , Forensic MedicineABSTRACT
The cosmopolitan beetles of the Paederus genus (potós) cause a severe dermatitis when the insect is crushed against the skin of exposed areas (the cervical region is the most affected). Toxins (pederin and others) from the hemolymph of the insect cause plaques and/or bizarre, linear lesions with erythema, edema, blisters, pustules, crusts and exulcerations. There may be a burning sensation and severe conjunctivitis. Lesions disappear after 10 days and may leave hyperchromic macules. Treatment is made with topical corticosteroids and intensive washing.